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3-D displacement measurement for structural health monitoring using low-frequency magnetic fields

机译:使用低频磁场进行结构健康监测的3-D位移测量

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摘要

Smart structures of the future will require a costeffective, easily deployable solution for structural health monitoring. High loads on structures cause stresses that may lead to expansion of gaps, which are of utmost importance when it comes to overall structural health, as they absorb excess stress. Existing methods for direct displacement measurement of expansion joints are not ideal, as they operate under line-of-sight assumptions, are sensitive to moisture, or employ moving parts. In addition, the majority of existing sensors for structural health monitoring are uniaxial and hence are fundamentally unable to measure 3-D displacement. Importantly, none of the existing wireless sensors for structural health monitoring can be embedded in concrete. We propose a system that uses low frequency magnetic fields to conduct 3-D displacement measurement directly from within concrete, with a median displacement error of 0.5 mm in all directions, with a maximum separation distance of 50 mm between transmitter and receiver. The sensors can be attached to the concrete surface after the building is erected, or can be included in the concrete mix at manufacture, to monitor displacement between gaps in expansion joints, perform crack detection in concrete ties for railroads and in pavements, as well as aid position measurement for the assembly of premanufactured concrete blocks. Embedment in concrete allows operation throughout the lifetime of a structure, providing early warning of impending disaster and helping to inform repair operations.
机译:未来的智能建筑将需要一种经济高效,易于部署的解决方案来进行结构健康监测。结构上的高载荷会引起应力,这些应力可能导致间隙扩大,这对于整体结构健康而言至关重要,因为它们吸收了过多的应力。现有的直接测量伸缩缝位移的方法并不理想,因为它们在视线假设下运行,对湿气敏感或使用活动部件。另外,现有的用于结构健康监测的大多数传感器都是单轴的,因此根本上无法测量3D位移。重要的是,用于结构健康监测的现有无线传感器都无法嵌入混凝土中。我们提出一种使用低频磁场直接从混凝土内部进行3-D位移测量的系统,在所有方向上的中位位移误差为0.5 mm,发射器和接收器之间的最大间隔距离为50 mm。传感器可以在建筑物竖立后连接到混凝土表面,或者可以在制造时包含在混凝土混合物中,以监视伸缩缝间隙之间的位移,在铁路和人行道的混凝土扎带中进行裂缝检测,以及有助于对预制混凝土块的组装进行位置测量。嵌入混凝土可以在结构的整个生命周期内进行操作,为即将发生的灾难提供预警,并有助于通知维修操作。

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    Kypris, O; Markham, A;

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  • 年度 2016
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